Music-based interventions (MBIs), including music therapy (MT), have been used in multiple healthcare contexts, some with more robust research and applications as specified in other chapters of this text. This chapter and Chap. 18 outline a systematic review of MT and MBIs that are implemented in healthcare applications, based on evidence-based research and literature. These areas include surgery, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), dementia care in acute settings and transition, eating disorders, work-related stress, homelessness, artists in residence, and concerts/music and medicine. Part 1 focuses on the first three applications (surgery, NICU, and dementia care in acute settings and transition), while Part 2 reports on the remaining five areas (eating disorders, work-related stress, homelessness, artists in residence, and concerts/music and medicine). Results show an abundance of research and literature of MBIs and MT in surgery. There is also a substantial body of literature on MT in NICU; however, MBIs in NICU have not been documented as readily as MT. Dementia care in acute settings and transition focuses on MT approaches. Future directions should center on the efficacy and selection of music with clear definitions of music interventions utilized in each healthcare application, development of MT and MBI protocols, and the inclusion of equity for deserving groups and marginalized individuals.