The humanitarian crisis in Gaza is unprecedented, marked by extensive destruction, significant loss of life, and the breakdown of critical infrastructure. Before the war (October 2023–January 2025), poverty in Gaza was already at alarming levels, with unemployment at 45.1% and food insecurity affecting 68.5% of the population. This war has drastically worsened these conditions, pushing multidimensional poverty to 97.9% and bringing the region to the brink of famine as agriculture and supply chains are devastated. Unemployment has surged to extreme levels, while healthcare, education, and housing systems have been severely damaged. Decades of development progress have been erased, setting Gaza back by 69 years and underscoring the urgent need for comprehensive recovery measures. This chapter analyzes the dynamics of poverty in Gaza before and during this recent war, framed within the context of Sustainable Development Goal 1 (ending poverty). It begins with a historical overview of poverty in Gaza, highlighting the multidimensional deprivation exacerbated by the blockade and recurring conflicts. The chapter then examines the devastating impacts of war on key poverty indicators, including food insecurity, unemployment, displacement, and access to essential services. Drawing on authoritative reports and peer-reviewed publications, it evaluates the escalation of poverty since October 2023 and its far-reaching implications for Gaza’s future.