The recent war on Gaza (October 2023–January 2025) has caused severe damage to the natural environment and has had far-reaching global consequences for the future of life in this region and its surrounding areas. The study intends to analyze a wide range of sources, including peer-reviewed and grey literature, to assess the environmental sustainability challenges posed by this war, focusing specifically on SDGs 6 (Water and Sanitation), 13 (Climate Action), 14 (Marine Ecosystems), and 15 (Terrestrial Ecosystems), with an emphasis on climate action. Our findings indicate that, in addition to its significant human death toll, this war substantially contributes to severe environmental damage due to the extensive use of chemical warfare, including white phosphorus and other toxic chemicals and explosives. There is increasing evidence that air, soil, and water pollution, as well as biodiversity loss and other potential ecological damages, are irreversible and irreparable consequences of the recent war, exacerbating Gaza’s vulnerability amid climate change. This war is leaving a toxic legacy for generations to come, causing severe, long-lasting damage to the environment and anticipated long-term consequences for human health and ecosystems. These findings highlight the critical importance of learning from this devastating war to better understand and address the environmental impacts of large-scale violence and to develop strategies for environmental recovery and resilience in affected regions.