It is shown that against the background of the planetary trend of increasing coastal reformation associated with climate change and sea level rise, regional schemes of production, transportation, social, energy and other coastal exploitation require revision. Scientific and technological assistance to the implementation of this program requires the creation of a conceptual engineering-oriented model of morpholithodynamics of the shores of the Arctic and subarctic seas with a block of coastal development forecast in conditions of rapid natural and anthropogenic changes. Morpholithodynamic features and trends of coastal zone development, anthropogenic load, location and geospatial parameters of dangerous and vulnerable shores are considered. The adaptation potential of coastal geosystems to rapid natural and anthropogenic changes is defined as a leading factor of natural and socio-economic sustainability of coasts.