This chapter systematically reviews the significant and internationally influential energy policies related to international energy cooperation implemented by ten selected countries and regions, examining these policies from various policy perspectives including legal regulations, administrative orders, and economic instruments. It also analyzes the impact of these policies on international energy cooperation and identifies distinctive national characteristics. Notably, China has continuously refined its energy policy framework, successfully promoting extensive and mutually beneficial international energy relations. Conversely, the United States has adopted protectionist energy policies emphasizing national competitiveness and influence, particularly through discriminatory and coercive differential regulations that distort global energy markets and fair competition, adversely affecting the competitive order and landscape of international energy cooperation, especially in the cooperation within the renewable energy supply chains, such as critical minerals and new energy technologies. The European Union has introduced several legislative acts and administrative directives, including economic policies like the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), which, while fostering broader and more diversified international energy cooperation, also differentially restricts certain nations’ energy collaboration, increasing the costs and barriers to entry for energy cooperation. Russia’s suite of energy policies aims to enhance the stability and security of energy exports and technologies, mitigating discriminatory restrictions and sanctions against its enterprises abroad, thereby securing national energy and economic safety while attracting significant foreign investments and promoting broader international energy cooperation. Other nations, including Australia, Canada, Saudi Arabia, Japan, South Korea, and India, are increasingly focusing on promoting international cooperation in the green transformation of energy and the development of renewable energy sectors, thereby facilitating international collaboration in finance, technology, products, and infrastructure within the renewable energy domain.