From both global and national perspectives, this chapter examines three dimensions of alliances related to energy. First, it discusses global alliances initiated by international bodies such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol, and the Paris Agreement. Second, it considers influential and representative national alliances within global energy governance, such as OPEC, the International Energy Agency (IEA), the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), and the European Energy Cooperation Legal Framework. Third, it explores the significant roles and influence of China, the United States, and the European Union in global energy markets and governance, particularly in the domains of fossil fuels like oil and natural gas, as well as in crucial mineral resources necessary for renewable and hydrogen energy. The chapter discusses the concerted actions of these alliances and their impact on international energy cooperation, revealing how such unified actions influence the global order of energy cooperation, cooperation patterns, mechanisms, the equitable competitive environment, and energy security.