The Early Years of Cremation, 1884–1914
摘要
The Price case was an unanticipated gift to cremationists but came too early to persuade either the Churches or the working classes. Woking held its first cremation in 1885 but did not build a chapel until four years later. Campaigning became a major agenda item for cremationists. The Local Government Act 1888 enabled them to work with local councils and Medical Officers of Health. With a Select Committee on Death Certification (1894), the Home Office began to change its attitude to cremation. Rising municipal support emerged from pressure on land use by rising urban populations. With efforts from the Local Government Board and the London County Council, the Cremation Act 1902 was passed. Crematoria were opened in major cities like Manchester, Liverpool, Hull, Leicester and Darlington. Golders Green (1902) set a high architectural standard, provided a model ‘landscape for mourning’ and by 1914 carried out half the country’s cremations. The public, however, remained cautious. The hesitation of the Churches and the failure to promote cremation as a benefit for the labouring classes deterred public choice to abandon burial.