The rapidly increasing global population is causing enormous upheavals in the agriculture business, driven by worries about food insecurity and the quest for sustainable farming practices. Crop residue generation will rise in step with an increase in food grain output to fulfil the demand. The health of the environment is impacted by improper handling of these leftovers in a number of ways. Investigating the value of holding onto crop leftovers and applying it to improve 21st-century sustainable agriculture. Beginning with the background and evolution of crop residue management, transitioning from traditional approaches to the current emphasis on residue retention. Discussing the environmental advantages of retaining crop residues, focusing on enhancing soil quality, conserving water, and promoting biodiversity. Furthermore, this chapter covers various innovative technologies and methodologies for successful residue utilization, including carbon sequestration, biochar, compost, bioenergy generation, and absorption into organic fertilizers. Highlighting significant findings, spotting new trends, and suggesting future lines of inquiry to help crop residue retention be adopted and optimized for sustainable and environmentally friendly farming methods in the current agricultural environment.