Follow up and Prognosis of Patients with Cardiac Amyloidosis
摘要
Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is a slowly progressive disease, causing myriad presentations in affected patients, including heart failure (the predominant problem), conduction system defects and arrhythmias (especially atrial fibrillation). Symptoms and signs appear over a long timeframe and result in significant limitation in functional capacity, deteriorating quality of life and often lead to recurrent cardiac and heart failure hospitalizations. Involvement of other organ systems, leading to neurological, orthopaedic, renal, gastrointestinal or haematological pathology is widespread and add to the patients’ burden of morbidity. Close follow-up by multidisciplinary teams specializing in cardiac CA is the optimal method of monitoring, with emphasis on clinical and functional assessment, follow-up of various biomarkers and other laboratory parameters, and monitoring using electrocardiography and imaging techniques (specifically echocardiography). The prognosis in this disease has always been considered dismal, as no specific treatment was available. Over the past few years, however, new drugs have improved the outlook both in ATTR (transthyretin) and AL (light chain) cardiac amyloidosis.