In addition to advances in surgical techniques, recipient/donor selection, and immunosuppression, progress in preventing and managing infections after heart transplant (HTx) has dramatically improved patient outcomes. While preventing rejection is crucial for long-term allograft survival, immunosuppressive regimens compromise the recipient's immune system and confer an increased risk of infection. HTx candidates and recipients are at risk for a multitude of infections, including community and hospital-acquired infections, opportunistic infections, and reactivation of latent infections. In this chapter, we will provide an overview of the prevention of infections after HTx, which begins with donor and recipient pre-transplant screening and includes targeted prophylaxis and infection prevention.