The semiconducting material is always at a pivotal point in the development of electronicsElectronic as well as optoelectronicsOptoelectronic. In the last two decades of the present century, especially in the past 10 years, interdisciplinary research focused on the fundamental studies of semiconductorsSemiconductor and the design of corresponding devicesDevice. In this time, several inorganic compoundsInorganic compound and alloysAlloy, low-weight organic semiconductorsOrganic semiconductor (OScs), lower-toxicToxic, leadLead-freeLead-freehalideHalidehybrid perovskitesHybrid perovskites, and beyond grapheneGraphene2D semiconducting materials2D semiconducting materials are exhibiting their potentialPotential. This chapter deals with an extensive study of the recent important research works on the electronicElectronic and the optical propertiesOptical properties of the modern semiconductorsSemiconductor by complementary experimentalExperimental and theoreticalTheoretical methods. Both properties are indispensable for understanding as well as optimizing functionality and performancePerformance of semiconducting devicesDevice. To address these issues, a general discussion on the basis of a comprehensive survey on recent significant development of several electronicElectronic and optoelectronic devicesOptoelectronic device has been presented. This chapter may help to trigger further new avenues for fundamental research as well as technological progress.