Fisheries once seemed endless, but overfishing, habitat loss, pollution, and climate change now threaten their future. Top predators like tuna and sharks have been decimated, disrupting entire food webs and forcing the industry to target smaller fish. Meanwhile, warming waters prompt species migrations, challenging traditional fishing grounds and coastal communities’ livelihoods. Even aquaculture, hailed as a solution, can degrade habitats, spread disease, and rely on wild-caught feed, adding stress to ocean ecosystems. As valuable species disappear, smaller, cheaper fish and farmed seafood will likely dominate global diets. Solutions include enforcing science-based catch limits, protecting habitats, curbing illegal fishing, and developing sustainable aquaculture methods. Swift, coordinated action is essential to prevent a catastrophic collapse of global fisheries.