Inflammatory lesions can be caused by autoimmune diseases; bacterial, viral, and fungal infections; and idiopathic mechanisms that are not yet fully understood. Those that affect the scalp and calvarium hold importance, as the scalp and calvarium are important protective barriers to the brain and dura. Physical presentations of calvarial and scalp lesions, as well as subsequent treatment of them, can adversely affect a patient’s mental health. Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous condition of unknown etiology, though current research suggests an environmental trigger with underlying genetic predisposition. Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a disease with many clinical subtypes, and current research suggests that its etiology may be a neoplastic process rather than the historically supported idea of an immune disorder. Granulomas are aggregations of varying types of immune cells meant to wall off offending stimuli, and they can form in many different diseases. Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin lesion with new treatments that may be cause for concern. Tinea capitis is a well-known disease that affects mainly the pediatric population, with a historical treatment that has long-lasting risks for the now-elderly population.