Benign lesions of the scalp and calvarium are some of the most common pathologies that a neurosurgeon will encounter and a thorough understanding of the pathology, diagnosis, and management of these lesions is essential to provide optimal patient care. This chapter will discuss the clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging, histopathology, and treatment strategies associated with many of the most common of these lesions, including dermoid and epidermoid cysts, pilar cyst, lipoma, osteoblastoma, intraosseous meningioma, and fibrous dysplasia. While the mainstay of treatment for most of these lesions is surgical resection, serial imaging and surveillance may be appropriate.