In the current literature on the problem of animal suffering, most theists assume that non-human animal suffering is morally significant. However, this assumption goes against the approach to the problem taken by most ancient and medieval Christians. Moreover, this assumption causes drastic theological problems. So, in this chapter, my goal is to discuss theistic views of non-human animal minds to raise awareness among theists (and non-theists) in the hopes that they will reconsider their approach to non-human animal minds when considering the debate over the problem of animal suffering. In this chapter, I will first discuss reasons why traditional views are held and then briefly survey current theistic views. After this, I discuss methodological and worldview issues that are involved with studying non-human animal minds from theistic and naturalistic perspectives. Finally, I will highlight logical and theological puzzles that need addressing when considering the problem of animal suffering.