Benign thyroid nodules (BTNs) represent a common thyroid disorder, with variable prevalence rates dependent on the method of detection, ranging from 2 to 6% with palpation, 19–35% via ultrasound, and up to 65% in autopsy records. The majority of these nodules are benign, and the prevalence of cancer within them is approximately 1 to 15%, depending on patient selection and evaluation criteria. While most BTNs are asymptomatic and benign, certain cases require treatment due to compression of nearby structures, hyperthyroidism, or cosmetic concerns. Both surgical and minimally invasive techniques are considered for BTN management, and among these, thermal ablation (TA) techniques such as Microwave Ablation (MWA) are gaining significance. MWA is a hyperthermic thermal ablation technique that employs electromagnetic energy to eliminate thyroid nodules. The method involves the use of a microwave generator, a coaxial cable, and an internally cooled shaft antenna. Patient selection for MWA varies between studies but typically includes individuals with BTNs that cause symptoms and cosmetic concerns or are unsuitable for surgery. The upcoming chapter will focus on MWA as a therapeutic approach for BTNs. It will provide insights into essential facets of MWA, including its principles, effectiveness, safety, procedural techniques, potential complications, and the subsequent posttreatment monitoring.