The fauna of Ichneumonidae in the Middle East is analyzed in this book. In total, 2358 known species and subspecies in 475 genera and 35 subfamilies have been recorded from this region so far. Among the Middle Eastern countries, the ichneumonid fauna of Iran, with 1692 species and subspecies in 414 genera, is the most diverse, followed by Turkey (1374 species), Israel-Palestine (281 species), Egypt (155 species), Cyprus (79 species), Saudi Arabia (43 species), Syria (64 species), Jordan (50 species), Lebanon (29 species), Iraq (28 species), Yemen (21 species), Oman (5 species), the United Arab Emirates (4 species), Kuwait (1 species), Qatar, and Bahrain (which lack any records to date). The lists of endemic species in each of the Middle Eastern countries are given in this chapter, along with a list of excluded ichneumonid species (12 species). Additionally, host records are provided for the Iranian Ichneumonidae.