Over the 2000s, family policies gained ground in Latin American government agendas. This chapter examines the experience of Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay, focusing on cash benefits for families raising children (family allowances and cash transfers) and childbirth leave policies. In less than 15 years, these three front-runner countries in social policy development created wide-ranging cash transfer programs and reformed (or attempted to reform) childbirth leave systems to make benefits more generous and increase access to them. The chapter first discusses the relevance of family policies in the context of gender and socioeconomic inequalities and the transformation of families in Latin America. Second, it identifies key policy innovations in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay, compares policy design and reform across countries during the social policy expansionary phase of the 2000s, and evaluates the degree of progress achieved in coverage and generosity in these three countries.