The purpose of the article is to identify ergonomic problems arising in connection with the rapid implementation of e-education and the use of gadgets and to propose a methodology for ergonomic support of e-learning. The development of e-learning is characterized. The problem of security in educational environments is shown. The need to consider a student as an operator of the “human-electronic learning environment” system is proven. Based on the generalization of a large number of developments by the authors, a new methodology for ensuring the ergonomics of e-learning has been developed. The methodology is based on the principles of ensuring cognitive comfort and the use of models such as “functional network”. The method to optimizing human-machine interaction in e-learning systems is described.