This chapter explores neurocognitive disorders in a comprehensive approach, focusing on their definition, classifications, and the global impact they impose. Neurocognitive disorders are conditions that impair cognitive functions caused by neurological deficits. The severity ranges from mild to major and has a significant impact on the individuals and caregivers. The key highlights of this chapter include the prevalence of these conditions especially on the social functions and strains on the healthcare systems. Some important neurocognitive disorders include Alzheimer’s disease and other subtypes of dementia—which are explored in detail in this chapter. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the loss and decline of memory, impairments in language, and degeneration in processing speed. AD’s pathophysiological abnormalities (of the amyloid plaques and tau proteins) and subsequent degeneration in vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia and Lewy body dementia are explored in detail in this chapter. The distinguishing characteristics of each of these disorders are studied further with specific emphasis on the areas that demand rehabilitation. Strategies for rehabilitation and management of these conditions require an integration of cognitive and behavioral interventions. Cognitive effects of stroke are addressed indulging into the consequences of its various subtypes (ischemic, hemorrhagic, and transient) and the attacks on memory, language, and attention. Significant barriers to recovery such as physical, emotional, and social factors are further discussed in this chapter. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is explored with a concentration on its causes, cognitive impacts, and the need for tailored interventions. Other disorders including Parkinson’s and Huntington’s are briefly discussed to understand the cognitive impairments associated with the same approach to psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia and depression. Other challenges in rehabilitation including complexity and variability in patient history, socioeconomic challenges, and emotional factors that affect rehabilitation process are analyzed. The chapter also highlights the advances made in neuroimaging, early detection and innovations in therapy and pharmacological approaches include transcranial magnetic stimulation, wearable devices, AI, and VR. Through these disorders and their subsequent challenges, the chapter underscores the importance of interdisciplinarity in neuropsychological rehabilitation.

Neurocognitive Disorders: Understanding the Landscape

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发表日期：

2025年

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K. Jayasankara Reddy

摘要

This chapter explores neurocognitive disorders in a comprehensive approach, focusing on their definition, classifications, and the global impact they impose. Neurocognitive disorders are conditions that impair cognitive functions caused by neurological deficits. The severity ranges from mild to major and has a significant impact on the individuals and caregivers. The key highlights of this chapter include the prevalence of these conditions especially on the social functions and strains on the healthcare systems. Some important neurocognitive disorders include Alzheimer’s disease and other subtypes of dementia—which are explored in detail in this chapter. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the loss and decline of memory, impairments in language, and degeneration in processing speed. AD’s pathophysiological abnormalities (of the amyloid plaques and tau proteins) and subsequent degeneration in vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia and Lewy body dementia are explored in detail in this chapter. The distinguishing characteristics of each of these disorders are studied further with specific emphasis on the areas that demand rehabilitation. Strategies for rehabilitation and management of these conditions require an integration of cognitive and behavioral interventions. Cognitive effects of stroke are addressed indulging into the consequences of its various subtypes (ischemic, hemorrhagic, and transient) and the attacks on memory, language, and attention. Significant barriers to recovery such as physical, emotional, and social factors are further discussed in this chapter. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is explored with a concentration on its causes, cognitive impacts, and the need for tailored interventions. Other disorders including Parkinson’s and Huntington’s are briefly discussed to understand the cognitive impairments associated with the same approach to psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia and depression. Other challenges in rehabilitation including complexity and variability in patient history, socioeconomic challenges, and emotional factors that affect rehabilitation process are analyzed. The chapter also highlights the advances made in neuroimaging, early detection and innovations in therapy and pharmacological approaches include transcranial magnetic stimulation, wearable devices, AI, and VR. Through these disorders and their subsequent challenges, the chapter underscores the importance of interdisciplinarity in neuropsychological rehabilitation.