This chapter investigates the environmental and health consequences of different chemical-related topics, such as electric vehicles, plastic and air pollution, lithium mining, hydraulic fracturing, fossil fuel burning, and the safety of chemicals in cosmetic goods. While electric vehicles are frequently viewed as a sustainable alternative to gasoline-powered vehicles, questions regarding battery manufacture, raw material extraction, and electrical sources call into question their environmental friendliness. Similarly, plastic waste poses a danger to ecosystems and human health, with continuous disputes about how to reduce plastic usage while maintaining economic advantages. Air pollution, caused by both human and natural activity, continues to be a major worldwide issue, necessitating policy considerations. Lithium mining and hydraulic fracturing are being scrutinized for their environmental consequences, balancing energy requirements with ecological impact. The burning of fossil fuels, which contributes to acid rain, sparks discussions over regulatory actions. Finally, the existence of potentially hazardous compounds in cosmetic products raises questions regarding consumer safety and governmental monitoring. The chapter gives opposing viewpoints on these problems, encouraging critical dialogue on sustainability, scientific consensus, and the changing nature of environmental knowledge.