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The aim of this chapter is to analyze academic review reports prepared in promotion processes in terms of potential violations of selected legal provisions. These reviews represent a specific text genre with far-reaching social and potentially legal consequences. Promotion reviews appear in various forms across different systems, ranging from habilitation to tenure. While numerous studies address the reviews of research articles, the topic of promotion reviews remains largely unexplored. The research material consists of promotion (habilitation) reviews, which were subjected to corpus analysis to identify typical textual patterns, evaluation strategies, and dominant linguistic means. The primary focus was to distinguish instances where the language used might conflict with or be disputable in light of specific legal provisions. The most frequent concerns and controversies relate to both unfair evaluations and defamation, which is particularly relevant given that, in the Polish legal system, these reviews are publicly accessible. The applied method allowed for a systematic examination of textual structures and argumentation strategies employed in promotion reviews. The chapter also provides an extensive review of existing literature, situating promotion reviews within broader research on evaluation practices and legal-linguistic risks. Results indicate that these reviews combine elements of substantive evaluation, academic argumentation, and formulations characteristic of both academic and legal discourse. At the same time, the analysis identified instances in two examined disciplines where specific formulations could be interpreted as exceeding certain legal provisions. The objective of this study is to highlight examples of such violations, as well as the methods and tools for their detection in selected academic disciplines. Additionally, the chapter outlines directions for further research and legislative actions in this area. This issue appears particularly significant in the context of legal linguistics and the evolving standards of evaluation in the academic environment.

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Offensive Language in Academic Promotion Reviews: Legal-Linguistic Typology and Corpus Findings

  • 动态工具书词条

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Michał Grech,
  • Łukasz Remisiewicz

摘要

The aim of this chapter is to analyze academic review reports prepared in promotion processes in terms of potential violations of selected legal provisions. These reviews represent a specific text genre with far-reaching social and potentially legal consequences. Promotion reviews appear in various forms across different systems, ranging from habilitation to tenure. While numerous studies address the reviews of research articles, the topic of promotion reviews remains largely unexplored. The research material consists of promotion (habilitation) reviews, which were subjected to corpus analysis to identify typical textual patterns, evaluation strategies, and dominant linguistic means. The primary focus was to distinguish instances where the language used might conflict with or be disputable in light of specific legal provisions. The most frequent concerns and controversies relate to both unfair evaluations and defamation, which is particularly relevant given that, in the Polish legal system, these reviews are publicly accessible. The applied method allowed for a systematic examination of textual structures and argumentation strategies employed in promotion reviews. The chapter also provides an extensive review of existing literature, situating promotion reviews within broader research on evaluation practices and legal-linguistic risks. Results indicate that these reviews combine elements of substantive evaluation, academic argumentation, and formulations characteristic of both academic and legal discourse. At the same time, the analysis identified instances in two examined disciplines where specific formulations could be interpreted as exceeding certain legal provisions. The objective of this study is to highlight examples of such violations, as well as the methods and tools for their detection in selected academic disciplines. Additionally, the chapter outlines directions for further research and legislative actions in this area. This issue appears particularly significant in the context of legal linguistics and the evolving standards of evaluation in the academic environment.