The boom resulting from the introduction of Kellogg and other high-capacity single-train ammonia units lasted, in the West, until the energy crises of the 1970s. Fluctuations in the prices of energy and ammonia militated against new investments in the industry. However, the demand for ammonia continued to grow in those economies based on central planning. This chapter reviews the major changes in the global ammonia industry—invariably driven by the need for increased agricultural output. Ammonia technologies became tools in the complex world of international diplomacy; they brought about better relations between the US and the People’s Republic of China and the Soviet Union. Transfer of technology was brought about through the engineering contractors, cross-licensing of technologies, and international financing. ICI’s newICI (Imperial Chemical Industries, Limited)processesmethanol, low-pressure low-pressure methanolICI (Imperial Chemical Industries, Limited)processes process, borrowed from ammonia technology, was introduced into the Soviet Union and elsewhere. Asian and Middle East countries were emerging as major producers of ammonia.