Globalization, consumption and industry production leveraged pressure on contemporary society. Today’s most pressing social dilemmas regarding climate change demand for inclusive solutions. Understanding the bounds of environmental limits helps avoiding ethical downfalls beyond the control of singular nation states. Combating environmental degradation infringing on intergenerational equity—the fairness to provide an at least as favorable standard of living to future generations as enjoyed today—has become a blatant demand. In a history of turning to natural law as a human-imbued moral compass for solving societal downfalls on a global scale in times of crises, this book covers environmental constraints in light of climate change demanding for climate justice attention around the globe. The first part of the book concerns the quest for intergenerational equity in the twenty-first century. The theoretical frame introduces the human natural drive towards intergenerational fairness underlying contemporary environmental justice demands. The second part presents climate justice within a society, around the world and over time. An empirical model highlights economic growth perspective differences around the world under climate change in order to derive inferences how to redistribute the unequal gains and losses of a warming globe. The third part provides economic and financial foundations of wealth stemming from nature. Concrete examples for integrating environmental conditions in contemporary macroeconomic models and financial forecasting strategies will be given. The discussion closes with climate justice-based governance and private sector solutions to address rising environmental conscientiousness importance within society and around the world.