3D concrete printing technology (3DCP) represents a significant advancement in the construction industry. However, the production process often encounters interface issues, which may arise between layers, strips, or between the 3D printing template and the post-cast concrete. The inadequate performance of these interfaces is a central challenge in 3DCP components. This paper analyses the formation mechanisms and existing problems of these three interfaces, focusing on the improvement of the interface performance using both physical and chemical means in the existing research. Physical methods include altering interface roughness and designing macro-interlocking features, while chemical methods involve the application of cement-based and polymer interfacial agents. This paper aims to provide researchers with a comprehensive understanding of these two critical approaches for improving 3DCP component interfaces and to propose more advanced enhancement strategies to facilitate the further development of the 3DCP industry.