Over the past two decades, attention to LGBTQ+ adults and their families in the U.S. has grown significantly due to advocacy movements, policy debates, and improved data collection. Early U.S. Census Bureau efforts to collect data on same-sex households laid the foundation for demographic research. Despite progress, national datasets remain limited, and many surveys still lack comprehensive measures of sexual orientation and adequate measures of gender identity for families. However, the recent inclusion of these indicators in large-scale surveys and the availability of probability-based datasets offer new opportunities to address critical gaps in understanding LGBTQ+ families. This chapter reviews current research on LGBTQ+ families, examining how demographers conceptualize family structures and how sexual orientation and gender identity shape family life and demographic outcomes. It further highlights the evolving conceptualizations of LGBTQ+ families and how we study them to reflect their diversity. More work is needed to integrate LGBTQ+ family experiences fully into mainstream demographic research. Expanding research and collecting better data will help us understand LGBTQ+ families navigating shifting social, cultural, and legal realities, offering a fuller and more inclusive picture of U.S. family life.