The demography of family planning and obstetrical health of sexual minority women is a relatively new area of inquiry. The emerging evidence suggests, however, that sexual minority women face a unique set of barriers to optimal reproductive and obstetrical health. In this chapter, we review the literature on sexual orientation disparities in family planning, as well as maternal and infant health. We also address the unique issues related to gender identity and reproductive health where possible. We then discuss issues related to data availability and measurement of sexual orientation in surveys that include reproductive health indicators. We conclude with several recommendations for data collection in demographic surveys as well as future directions for research in this area.