The first edition of this handbook discussed the demographic representation of transgender populations, focusing on the US. Now, over a decade later, this chapter looks at the representation of trans people in UK population surveys. The 2021/2022 UK censuses represented significant steps forward in the production of population estimates of LGBTI+ people. However, this progress has been hampered by unprecedented controversy, linked to the UK’s climate of transphobia. This chapter summarises these controversies, recognising trans data representation as one factor within the larger discourse surrounding the existence of trans people and fulfilling trans rights. It highlights that, despite being world leading in its representation of LGBTI+ people the latest UK censuses still feature major design limitations and don’t inherently produce positive outcomes for LGBTI+ people. Online focus groups and an online survey of 347 LGBTI+ people in the UK were utilised to identify potential solutions to these methodological design limitations. Showing that representing trans and gender diverse people in data will not hinder our understanding of gender inequality has been one of the approaches adopted by trans inclusive researchers. This chapter goes further by showing how more-inclusive survey methods are essential for gaining a useful understanding of sex and gender. By working with survey respondents, we can understand what makes them want to answer survey questions, enabling reliable and intricate presentations of populations.