Digital transformation promises strategic and operational benefits for organisations regardless of size, sector, or industry. However, its antecedents and value realisation mechanisms are highly context-dependent, influenced by factors within and beyond an organisation. While the focus of prior digital transformation studies seems to be on for-profit and relatively well in public organisations, the challenges for non-profit organisations (NPOs) remain under-investigated. Based on a systematic literature review and a case study in one Swedish NPO, this study reveals digital transformation barriers within NPOs. The barriers identified through thematic analysis encompass internal and external environmental factors grounded in recent digital transformation frameworks. The study contributes to the literature on digital transformation specific to NPOs. Practitioners can also use these insights to inform the development of robust strategies and the effective implementation of their digital transformation initiatives.