This introduction explores the multifaceted phenomenon of natural wine, a movement redefining traditional winemaking through its emphasis on sustainability, terroir and authenticity. By engaging with winemakers, researchers, and professionals, the text delves into the global impact of natural wine on environmental practices, cultural identity, and market dynamics. Natural wine is positioned as both a critique of industrialization and a celebration of artisanal craftsmanship, balancing debates over science, belief, and aesthetics. The chapter addresses the complexities surrounding natural wine’s definition, controversies within the industry, and the interplay of tradition and modernity. Bridging gaps between academic and non-academic perspectives, it examines natural wine as a social movement and an object of philosophical inquiry. With a focus on transparency, authenticity, and ethical production, this introduction sets the stage for a broader discussion on the challenges and potentials of natural wine in shaping the future of winemaking.