J. Toby Reiner examines the conception of equality that Walzer advances in Spheres of Justice. Many readers of Spheres have argued that complex equality is at root a negative conception, concerned with the abolition of relations of domination and oppression, but without a positive vision of what a society of equals might look like. This follows from Walzer’s claim that he cannot tell us which characteristics make us equals. Others have sought to reconstruct Walzer’s theory such that complex equality becomes advocacy of equal citizenship or equal status. Reiner argues that these accounts lose some of the distinctive flavor of Walzer’s argument, because as a social-democratic conception, complex equality is as much about participation and decision-making power as it is about status. He locates the core of Walzerian egalitarianism in Walzer’s advocacy of workplace and industrial democracy and suggests that the importance of abolishing domination and oppression is to enable equal participation in the decision-making processes that determine the shape of a group or community’s common life.