This chapter delves into the legal protections available for indigenous communities, examining international, regional, and local legal frameworks that support indigenous rights. It provides a comprehensive overview of significant international legal instruments, such as the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) and the International Labour Organization’s Convention 169 (ILO 169), analysing their impact and implementation across various countries. This chapter also explores regional and local legal frameworks, with detailed examples from Africa, Latin America, and North America, highlighting successes and challenges. It discusses the enforcement and limitations of these protections, emphasising the need for stronger political will, adequate resources, and integration of indigenous legal traditions into national frameworks. This chapter concludes by underscoring the importance of upholding indigenous sovereignty and promoting inclusive and equitable development that respects and preserves indigenous rights and cultures.