The article examines changes in the indicators of Sustainable Development Goal No. 1 in the Siberian Federal District (SFD) from 2010 to 2022, focusing on regions like the Altai Republic, Tyva Republic, Khakassia, Altai and Krasnoyarsk Krai, Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Irkutsk, and Omsk. It highlights fluctuations in social support expenditures, real monetary incomes, and poverty levels. Most regions show an increase in budget expenditures on social support, peaking in 2020, likely due to the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by a slight decline in 2021 and a recovery in 2022. Despite the overall increase in social support expenditures, real incomes in the SFD regions showed a variety of trends. Most regions were within the range of fluctuations around 100%, with small deviations, which indicates the instability of the economic situation of the population. The purpose of this paper is to rank the regions of the Siberian Federal District on the basis of SDG 1 indicators using principal component analysis. The most significant factor influencing the achievement of the SDGs in the Siberian Federal District is the ratio of consolidated budget expenditures on social support to the own revenues of these budgets. These variables explain 49.97% and 33.79% of the variability of the index, respectively. The number of population below the poverty line is also an important factor, but its influence is less—16.22%. The comparative analysis of the regions’ positions in 2010 and 2022 revealed that most regions showed significant changes in the ranking by socio-economic indicators. For example, the Omsk Region improved its positions, moving up to the 1st place, while the Kemerovo Region lost its leading position. The Novosibirsk Region remained stable, retaining the 3rd place, while such regions as the Altai Krai and the Tomsk Region improved their position.