Regenerative medicine offers promising avenues for the regeneration and replacement of damaged or diseased tissues, holding the potential to transform healthcare. Within this dynamic field, peptide-based systems have emerged as versatile and powerful tools for orchestrating tissue regeneration. Peptides are short chains of amino acids, and their biocompatibility, diversity, and tunable properties make them ideal candidates for regenerative interventions. They can mimic the extracellular matrix, facilitate cell signaling, and promote tissue-specific differentiation. Peptide-based hydrogels, scaffolds, and delivery systems provide spatial and temporal control over regenerative processes, fostering tissue healing. We delve into the various types of peptides and peptide-based structures employed in regenerative medicine, their design and self-assembling into different nanostructures, and their pivotal role in scaffolds for tissue engineering and biomaterials for 3D printing and organoid culture. This chapter exemplify the versatility and adaptability of peptides in fostering tissue healing and regeneration. Moving forward, the chapter delves into the application of peptide-based therapeutics for degenerative diseases, tissue injuries, and even cancer treatment, offering hope for improved patient outcomes across a spectrum of medical conditions. It takes a critical look at the challenges in peptide-based regenerative medicine research, addressing issues like peptide stability and immunogenicity. Continued research and development in this field will undoubtedly bring us closer to realizing the full therapeutic potential of peptides in regenerative medicine.