Back pain is still a common concern, with most people experiencing it in their later years as a result of degenerative disc disease. One of the main factors that frequently leads to disc prolapse is intervertebral disc degeneration (IVD). Since there are currently no effective regenerative treatments for disc degeneration, here we explain the biomaterials used in IVD regeneration, with a special emphasis on the advancements in biomimetic architecture and bio inspired materials. We began by explaining the anatomy and physiology of the human intervertebral disc (IVD), followed by an in-depth exploration of disc degeneration pathophysiology, disc biomechanics, and a review of various animal models that simulate human disc degeneration.The latter half examines the characteristics of biomaterials that promote IVD regeneration, with a focus on the annulus fibrosus (AF), nucleus pulposus (NP), and Endplate (EP). It also provides a detailed assessment of several biomaterial scaffolds integrating stem cells, analysing the various features ideal for regenerating IVD components. The last section herein discusses the application of advanced bio-architecture techniques and biomimicking materials in IVD regeneration, particularly with the advent of 3D bio-printing technology in tissue engineering.