Compared to Human Intelligence (HI), Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been recognized for less than 80 years. Although both have common characteristics, such as need-driven decision-making and the ability to evolve, many aspects of AI and HI differ. This chapter addresses the differences and similarities between the two constructs, focusing on the different capabilities and uses for each. HI is biology-based and grounded in the various structures of the brain. Theories concerning intelligence and learning abound. Those theories will be explored in this chapter. HI developed over millions of years, and, although HI is not as proficient at rapidly processing vast amounts of data, HI exhibits characteristics necessary for the continuation of society, such as moral reasoning, adaptability, consciousness, and the ability to read and express emotion. Although both HI and AI continue to evolve, AI is changing more rapidly. AI performs better at specific and narrow tasks involving rapidly analyzing large data sets. However, as AI rapidly grows, it may approach HI’s ability to adapt and express emotional and moral intelligence. New capabilities of AI develop every day. It is almost impossible to imagine what the capabilities of AI will be in the future. This chapter addresses the current weaknesses and strengths of both HI and AI. The terminology and theories behind each are discussed.