This chapter reports on students’ achievement in computer and information literacy (CIL) and computational thinking (CT) as assessed in the International Computer and Information Literacy Study (ICILS) 2023. The chapter presents the distributions of CIL and CT scale scores within and across countries, and the percentages of students achieving at each level of the CIL and CT proficiency scales. CIL scores varied by more than two international standard deviations across countries, while CT scores varied by approximately one international standard deviation. Large variations in achievement between the highest and lowest achieving students were noted within countries. On average, nearly half of the students scored below CIL Level 2, reflecting limited competence in basic digital tasks. The distribution of CT scores was centered around CT Level 2. Consistent decreases in CIL achievement were noted between 2013 and 2023, whereas the differences in CIL and CT achievement tended to vary more across countries between 2018 and 2023. Further analyses reveal that CIL and CT are highly, though not perfectly, correlated at student level, indicating that these two outcomes are interrelated yet reflect distinct aspects of student learning.