This study aimed to enhance data literacy skills among senior engineering students by integrating educational robotics. Data literacy encompasses interpreting, understanding, analyzing, and communicating data, especially for informed decision-making and problem-solving in engineering. The study involved 25 senior mechatronics students, who were initially assessed using a survey aligned with crucial competencies in data literacy: Conceptual Framework, Data Collection, Data Management, Data Evaluation, and Data Application. The students participated in an intensive course that combined hands-on activities with educational robotics tools. Post-course assessments indicated significant improvements in data collection, management, and evaluation. Wilcoxon signed-rank test results showed statistically significant improvements (p < 0.05) in these areas, suggesting the effectiveness of the intervention. This study highlights the importance of integrating data literacy with robotics in engineering education. The findings suggest that educational robotics can significantly enhance students’ data literacy skills and prepare them for data-driven challenges in modern engineering. This study provides a replicable model for other institutions aiming to enhance data literacy through innovative educational tools, bridging the gap between data and information literacy for modern engineers.