In the healthcare sector, there is constant innovation, making it crucial that processes occur promptly and effectively. Therefore, it is necessary to implement or improve the supply chain in the hospital setting. Failure to integrate a hospital supply chain hinders the delivery of quality and appropriate healthcare services to patients and users and poses various difficulties at the senior management level. The objective was to synthesize supply chain management in the hospital setting and its barriers and solutions through a systematic review. This systematic review was developed using the PRISMA methodology. As a result of the applied methodology, ten articles covering 268 hospitals were selected. In conclusion, the necessity of structured and model-based approaches to evaluate and enhance the operational efficiency of the hospital supply chain is fundamental, thereby improving the competitiveness of healthcare institutions and directly impacting the quality of patient care.