This chapter underlines the significance of people as the knowledge resource of an organisation. The reader learns about the evolution of knowledge work with AI, new forms of labour relations, and knowledge worker productivity in the digital transformation. Five groups of actors of the knowledge firm are introduced and particular emphasis is placed on competence development and motivation of knowledge workers. Communities of Practice (CoP) are discussed as an effective format for situated and social learning (For a detailed treatment of the topic, we recommend the textbook “Effective knowledge work” by North and Gueldenberg, Effective knowledge work, Emerald, London, 2011).