In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized various sectors, including the public sector, by offering opportunities to enhance efficiency and effectiveness in service management and delivery. AI enables machines to autonomously perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, intending to improve efficiency, precision, and problem-solving across diverse contexts, including public sector applications. This study explores the challenges in the design and implementation of public sector social programs in Mexico, as well as the potential of AI to mitigate them while considering challenges such as ethical concerns, data privacy issues, the need to ensure universal access to technology, and the necessity for training to avoid existing societal gaps. Key areas where AI can make significant contributions include beneficiary identification, personalized interventions, and resource optimization. Finally, the study provides recommendations to fully harness AI’s potential in social programs.