This chapter explores the historical roots of the first genocide against the Kurds, carried out under the Safavid Empire, focusing on the defeat of the Dimdim fortress and the subsequent massacres of Kurdish populations in the early seventeenth century. Shah Abbas I, the Safavid emperor, orchestrated systematic violence, including mass killings, forced relocations, and the destruction of Kurdish communities, particularly in the Bradost and Mukriyan regions of Kurdistan, located in the west of present-day Iran. Through an analysis of primary sources, including Safavid chronicles, the study highlights the ethnic and sectarian motivations behind these genocidal campaigns, marking the first instance of Kurdish persecution based on their ethnic identity. The findings emphasize the long-term impacts of these massacres on Kurdish identity and socio-political dynamics, connecting past atrocities to the ongoing struggles of Kurds in the region. This research aims to fill a significant gap in genocide studies, which often overlook the Kurdish experience under the Safavid Dynasty in Iran’s history.