The establishment of nation-states in the Middle East has marginalized the Kurdish people, resulting in systematic oppression and environmental devastation in Kurdistan. The environment, essential for production and development, has always been pivotal. The Kurds’ exclusion from power structures and decision-making processes has led to their environment being attacked, suppressed, and exploited, reflecting the treatment of Kurdish citizens. Numerous actions aimed at the Kurdish population have involved environmental destruction and the dismantling of natural life infrastructure. This study examines whether these actions, particularly dam construction, deforestation, and resource exploitation, qualify as ecocide or genocide. It focuses on environmental policies in Iran and Iraq, analyzing water policies, deforestation, and resource exploitation. The key question is whether these acts are classified as ecocide or genocide. The findings demonstrate substantial environmental deterioration, compelled displacement, and socio-economic consequences for Kurdish populations. The study concludes that these actions meet the definitions for ecocide and hence genocide, underscoring the need to establish legal structures to address such environmental crimes.