The digitization of public social security systems has opened both great opportunities and severe cybersecurity risks. This chapter explores the challenge of securing information and systems against a rapidly increasing number of cyber threats given the prospects for development of biometrics, cloud computing and data analytics which would redefine the architecture of social security organizations. A qualitative description approach reviews available literature on key cybersecurity challenges arising from digitalization, through a critical analysis existing security frameworks, guidelines, and best practices from global social security organizations; it also draws an opinion regarding their effectiveness in measures while dealing with risk mitigation gaps and offering strategic recommendations for building resilience into systems. Proactive cybersecurity policies will enable social security systems protect their operations—in terms of continuity and safety for digitalized services—by not allowing any form Cyber threat to compromise its integrity subjecting many individuals’ information loss.