The adoption of solar energy is crucial for sustainable development and combating climate change. Traditional energy trading systems are hindered by centralization, lack of transparency, and high transaction costs. Blockchain technology provides a decentralized, secure, and transparent solution to these issues. This paper explores the application of blockchain in solar energy trading, focusing on its potential to enhance market efficiency and transparency. We review current research on blockchain-based energy trading, emphasizing benefits such as cost reduction and increased efficiency through peer-to-peer (P2P) trading and smart contracts. A case study demonstrates the practical implementation of a blockchain-based solar energy trading system, highlighting improvements in efficiency, security, and user satisfaction. Despite its promise, challenges like scalability, regulatory issues, and stakeholder acceptance persist. Future research directions are suggested to address these challenges.