This paper is concerned with the psychological effects of screen time on children's cognitive development in the digital age. Because technological instruments are part and parcel of our daily life, it is important to understand how increased exposure to screens relates to attention as well as memory and other cognitive outcomes such as problem-solving abilities. Taking a qualitative design, this study will work on a descriptive literature review comprising theories, empirical studies, and applications related to exploring the cognitive implications of screen time. An analytical approach involves identifying key themes through which factors like duration of screen time or type of content and context influence the development of cognition. The results show that there are many dimensions regarding the effects of screen time; some may be negative for cognitive development, while others positive. It also calls for balanced use with further research needed to fully understand all mechanisms at play between different aspects taking into consideration individual needs which helps in planning intervention programs.