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One year after Machemer et al. reported in 1971 that the vitreous could be removed through a pars plana incision, Conor O’Malley and Ralph Hein introduced the 3-port vitrectomy with a 20-gauge (G) system. Since this humble but important beginning, technological development has led to numerous advances, such as smaller incisions, faster cutter speeds, and advanced illumination systems and visualization methods.

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Vitreoretinal Surgical Instrumentation

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Remzi Avcı,
  • Sami Yılmaz,
  • Ayşegül Mavi Yıldız

摘要

One year after Machemer et al. reported in 1971 that the vitreous could be removed through a pars plana incision, Conor O’Malley and Ralph Hein introduced the 3-port vitrectomy with a 20-gauge (G) system. Since this humble but important beginning, technological development has led to numerous advances, such as smaller incisions, faster cutter speeds, and advanced illumination systems and visualization methods.