It is known that fracture orientation and spacing are directly linked to the emplacement of thrust sheets, the role exerted by bed thickness but less known are lateral variations within the layers or how the distance between the outcrop or reservoir with major structures impacts them. Therefore, understanding these parameters is highly important, especially in systems that might act as potential reservoirs for hydrocarbons, hydrogen, or CO2. The study area is in the southernmost part of the Southern Pyrenees, where the most prominent structures are the NE-SW Súria Anticline and Tordell Thrust, developed during the Pyrenean Orogeny. The exceptional outcropping conditions constitute a one-of-a-kind area for studying the fractured fluvial systems affected by the development of fold-and-thrust belts. This research was focused on better understanding the fracture pattern of this sector of the Pyrenees. It was performed by integrating traditional fieldwork with the use of drone imagery. The first methodology allowed the acquisition of fracture data orientations, spacing, and bedding attitude of several N-S aligned outcrops. The latter methodology allowed access to unreachable areas of the outcrop and to derive the same parameters acquired in the field. This combined methodology provided the dataset which allowed to characterize the fracture pattern of the Eocene fluvial sequence in both structures (i.e., northern and southern limbs of the Súria Anticline and footwall and hangingwall of the El Tordell Thrust). The results from fieldwork, supported by the analysis from the 3D outcrop models, reveal the presence of four fracture sets oriented N-S, E-W, ENE-WSW and NW-SE, which have been interpreted to be associated with regional and local stresses developed during the Pyrenean Orogeny. The spacing results show that it is conditioned by the thickness of the sandstone beds and that the fracture density does not correlate with the distance from the structure. Finally, the problem of not accessing sections of the outcrop has been overcome by using drone imagery, thus proving it to be a powerful tool and methodology for studying fracture systems.

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Fracture System Characterization of the Súria Anticline, Southern Pyrenees, Derived from Traditional Fieldwork and 3D Drone Models

  • Eloi Carola,
  • Roc Vilarasau,
  • Adrià González-Martín,
  • Anna Travé,
  • Josep Anton Muñoz,
  • Irene Cantarero

摘要

It is known that fracture orientation and spacing are directly linked to the emplacement of thrust sheets, the role exerted by bed thickness but less known are lateral variations within the layers or how the distance between the outcrop or reservoir with major structures impacts them. Therefore, understanding these parameters is highly important, especially in systems that might act as potential reservoirs for hydrocarbons, hydrogen, or CO2. The study area is in the southernmost part of the Southern Pyrenees, where the most prominent structures are the NE-SW Súria Anticline and Tordell Thrust, developed during the Pyrenean Orogeny. The exceptional outcropping conditions constitute a one-of-a-kind area for studying the fractured fluvial systems affected by the development of fold-and-thrust belts. This research was focused on better understanding the fracture pattern of this sector of the Pyrenees. It was performed by integrating traditional fieldwork with the use of drone imagery. The first methodology allowed the acquisition of fracture data orientations, spacing, and bedding attitude of several N-S aligned outcrops. The latter methodology allowed access to unreachable areas of the outcrop and to derive the same parameters acquired in the field. This combined methodology provided the dataset which allowed to characterize the fracture pattern of the Eocene fluvial sequence in both structures (i.e., northern and southern limbs of the Súria Anticline and footwall and hangingwall of the El Tordell Thrust). The results from fieldwork, supported by the analysis from the 3D outcrop models, reveal the presence of four fracture sets oriented N-S, E-W, ENE-WSW and NW-SE, which have been interpreted to be associated with regional and local stresses developed during the Pyrenean Orogeny. The spacing results show that it is conditioned by the thickness of the sandstone beds and that the fracture density does not correlate with the distance from the structure. Finally, the problem of not accessing sections of the outcrop has been overcome by using drone imagery, thus proving it to be a powerful tool and methodology for studying fracture systems.