The Kapoeta howardite is characterized as polymict breccia containing abundant mineral fragments ranging from mm-sized down to ~20 μm or less. These are mainly pyroxene and plagioclase, with minor Fe–Ni metal, troilite, chromite, ilmenite, and olivine. In this work, the major and minor mineral phases present in Kapoeta meteorite have been studied by SEM–EDS and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The Raman spectrum of orthopyroxene shows a strong peak at ~110 cm−1 due to Si–O stretching vibrations of the non-bridging Si–O bonds, and a doublet at ~680 cm−1 and 660 cm−1 assigned to stretching vibrations of Si–O–Si bridges. The spectrum of pigeonite shows essentially the same peaks as those of orthopyroxene, but the Si–O–Si bridge doublet is less resolved in pigeonite, and the two peaks are down-shifted by ~10 cm−1. Plagioclase is identified by its characteristic doublet with Raman peaks occurring at ~505 and 487 cm−1. The position of these peaks indicates that it’s an anorthite, in agreement with SEM–EDS results. In addition to the major minerals, pyroxene and plagioclase, the following minor/accessory minerals were also identified by micro-Raman spectroscopy: troilite, chromite, ilmenite, and olivine. Raman spectroscopy proved to be an effective tool not only for mineral identification but also for compositional and structural characterization of minerals. This is particularly useful for characterizing silicate minerals, which are major constituents of stony meteorites, the Moon and terrestrial planets.