Anthropogenic changes in the landscape require an environmental impact assessment of these interventions’ effects on the environment, fauna, and flora. Road construction projects are used as examples to show the consequences they can have for endangered species. Compensatory measures are shown. If studies on the future development of endangered populations cannot be made in advance, decision analysis methods are recommended, suggesting the probability of consequences. The adverse effects of tourism, wind farms, removal of deadwood from disturbed forests, and prescribed burning in forest management are discussed using examples. The management of ecosystems also includes the harvesting of non-timber forest products, which should be sustainable. Examples of fruit collection and bushmeat hunting are provided. Trophy hunting is also part of this type of intervention in animal populations and is discussed with an example. Methods for restoring depleted wildlife populations are demonstrated based on captive breeding and reintroduction.